Recent Changes

Gleitman observes that by and large, Freud never studied children (449), ( Gleitman ), thus rendering the Psychosexual Psycho-sexual Development model (like much of Freudian theory) scientifically debatable. It remains, however, influential. The more recent developmental models of Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget have focussed far less on sexuality as a determining influence on the development of personality. Recent studies have lent support for some of Freud’s psychosexual psycho-sexual theories, especially the Oedipus complex. Interestingly, Westen notes that most obscenities reflect one or another of Freud’s stages, perhaps the most vulgar thing someone can call another person in our society has a distinctly Oedipal ring’ (538). (13).
The Oedipus Complex
depict the OedipudOedipus Complex.

Early Freud
On the 6 May 1856, Sigmund Freud was born to Amalia Nathanson, a nineteen year old from the Czech Republic. His mother married Jacob Freud, who was aged thirty-nine. Freud's two stepbrothers from his father's first marriage were approximately the same age as his mother, this was quiet awkward for Freud, as one could imagine. Freud was the oldest of eight children. Freud grew up in Vienna after moving there at the age of 4. It was here that he attended school and had a brilliant academic record, this in turn lead Freud to enter the University of Vienna to study in 1873 (1)
famous followers.
Freud Freud spent three a resident physician.physician at a center of Vienna,Vienna before moving into psychoanalysis. Wherethe area of psychoanalysis, where he would
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Deveoplement of Psychoanalysis

Early Freud
a nineteen yearsyear old from the Czech Republic.HisRepublic. His mother married Jacob Freud, who was aged thirty-nine. could imagine.
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Freud spent three years as a resident physician. at a general hospital and the medical center of Vienna, before moving into psychoanalysis. Where he would change psychology for ever.
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Deveoplement of Psychoanalysis
to be knowknown worldwide.
The Breuer published theretheir first psychoanalytic
Turn of the 20th century.
During the first year of the 20th century, Freud was in a transitional period. Two of Freud's major psychoanalytic works were published (The Interpretation of Dreams in 1899 and The Psychopathology of Everyday Life in 1901), however; he had not yet received the recognition or support he was hoping for.Freud's began to alienated himself from his, colleague, and father figure Josef Breuer, and from the friend that came to replace Breuer, the speculative Berlin doctor Wilhelm Fliess.

Early Freud
awkward for FreudFreud, as one could Imagen.imagine.
Freud was the oldest of eight children. Freud grew up in Vienna after moving there at the age of 4. Her he attended school and had a brilliant academic record, this is turn lead Freud to enter the University of Vienna to study in 1873 (1)
Freud spent seven instead of the usual five years acquiring his doctorate degree. At the age of twenty-four Freud received his PhD in medicine. He fell in love and wanted to marry, however; the salaries available to a young scientist could not support a wife and family (2). He had met Martha Bernays, who was the daughter of a upper class family, when he was twenty-six they got engaged two months later. Freud and Martha were separated during the four years before their marriage, however they married in 1887. Of their six children, a daughter, Anna, became one of her father's most famous followers.

Freud's work had a great influence on the world, with his theories and contributions to science, pychiatry, psychology and other areas still being greatly repected and thought today. Having founded the area of psychology that is Psychoanalysis, many psychologists still follow his theories and use them for diagnosing and treating patients today.
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Psychotherapy
Freud believed that if the right conditions were created and the patient felt comfortable enough, they would talk about themselves to the psychologist or psychiatrist which would provide alot of insight into their behaviour and sourcing the problem which led to the therapy. That by using paticular dialogue, communication and building a steady relationship between the Doctor and the patient the mental health of the patient can be improved.This is the classic image of the patient lying on a couch talking to the psychiatrist who is taking notes. It is still used today and is popular therapy practice.
Freud also developed several theories about the human psyche which are understood and used to explain certain behaviours today. Freud's deffence mechanisms are an good example of this which state several techniques used by the mind to protect itself (this theory is already discussed in Freud's Major Theories). Anna Freud later followed Freud's work on this and identified them as the concepts; undoing, suppression, dissociation, idealisation, identification, introjection, inversion, somatisation, splitting, and substitution. Anna who wrote The Ego and The Defence Mechanisms in 1936.
Another classic term given to us by Freud, which is still said today is parapraxis or more commonly known as a Freudian Slip. A freudian slip is when a word is uttered by a mistake, but psychoanalytically speaking it is not a mistake but rather an unconscious thought slipping into our speech.
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Freud's work had a great influence on the world, with his theories and contributions to science, pychiatry, psychology and other areas still being greatly repected and thought today. Having founded the area of psychology that is Psychoanalysis, many psychologists still follow his theories and use them for diagnosing and treating patients today.
{http://www.deathreference.com/images/medd_01_img0054.jpg}
Psychotherapy
Freud believed that if the right conditions were created and the patient felt comfortable enough, they would talk about themselves to the psychologist or psychiatrist which would provide alot of insight into their behaviour and sourcing the problem which led to the therapy. That by using paticular dialogue, communication and building a steady relationship between the Doctor and the patient the mental health of the patient can be improved.This is the classic image of the patient lying on a couch talking to the psychiatrist who is taking notes. It is still used today and is popular therapy practice.
Freud also developed several theories about the human psyche which are understood and used to explain certain behaviours today. Freud's deffence mechanisms are an good example of this which state several techniques used by the mind to protect itself (this theory is already discussed in Freud's Major Theories). Anna Freud later followed Freud's work on this and identified them as the concepts; undoing, suppression, dissociation, idealisation, identification, introjection, inversion, somatisation, splitting, and substitution. Anna who wrote The Ego and The Defence Mechanisms in 1936.

Freud's Theory of Psycho-sexual Development
The oral stage is the earliest to occur of the five stages. Newborn babies are initially limited to sucking and drinking. Their sexual instinctual drive is therefore focused around the mouth, initially in passive sucking and chewing. Later, pleasure is derived from more aggressive biting and chewing. Fixations, which persist beyond each developmental stage are manifested through the oral stage as thumb sucking or cigarette smoking.
(Ibid 536). 536).(3)536).(14)
The phallic stage is one of the most significant in the Freudian model. Children obtain pleasure from stimulating their genitals and begin to discriminate between the sex roles of their parents. Initially, a child in the phallic stage will identify with the parent of the opposite sex in what is known as the Oedipus Complex for males and the Electra Complex for females.
The Oedipal phase of the phallic stage gives way to one in which identification with the same-sex parent occurs. Such identification helps to form perception of gender roles and personality.
The latency stage occurs before the onset of puberty and is marked by the dormancy of the libido. Sexual and aggressive drives are channelled into more socially acceptable substitutes.
The genital stage is the final stage to occur, with it coinciding with puberty, it marks the return of conscious sexuality and finds its cathexis in the genitals. Emotional maturity is ultimately attained in this stage, although elements in the form of fixations, from the earlier stages often remain.
ring’ (538). (5).(13).
The Oedipus Complex
Freud named the complex after a greek tragedy which told the story of a man named Oedipus who killed his father and then went on to marry his mother. The Oedipus Complex is a theory which states that a boy, during early development, sexualy desires his mother and wants to kill his father. The female version of this is known as the Electra Complex. The theory states that the young boy fears being castrated and the girl suffers from penis envy. To overcome this complex successfuly is to have a healthy and beneficial relationship with the same sex parent (a boy and his father). Freud used history and literature as evidence towards this theory. Literature such as William Shakespere's Hamlet depict the Oedipud Complex.

Criticisms about Freud
our everyday lives.9.lives. Graf is air we breath"9.breath". One of
Freud as a person
Freud's critique of the catholic faith and religion in general has and is still linked to the house maid who was convicted of petty theft and jailed when Freud was only 2 years of age. She was a devoted Roman catholic and she may have been "his Teacher in sexual matters" 10. Freud has taken heavy critisism for not beliving in actual incest or sexual abuse. He treated it as a fantasy rather than a fact.9 The link between his intrest in human nature and his relationshipwith his mother was explored by Barron et al(1991)17